General theory and experimental confirmation of the phenomenon of light amplification by enhanced internal reflection. Once a controversial effect whose existence was contested, enhanced internal reflection makes fibre optic communication systems practicable. [Waves And Grains]

Optical methods for enhancing and detecting weak naturally occurring molecular optical activity. Successful observation of the difference with which a naturally optically active medium reflects left and right circularly polarised light. This experiment, which opens the door to novel methods of investigating chiral media, complements Fresnel's 19th century signal achievement of separating left and right circularly polarised light beams by refraction from a naturally optically active material (quartz.) [Waves And Grains]

Polarimetric imaging method for seeing through optically dense turbid media and delineating the surface features of hidden embedded objects. The method employs optical phase modulation and synchronous detection to select out photons that have been scattered fewer times than average and which retain their state of polarisation and imaging information.[Waves And Grains]

Polarimetric method for measuring optical activity of chiral solutes in optically dense turbid media. The same procedure of the preceding item can be used in a configuration to detect with high sensitivity manifestations of optical activity in forward, lateral, and back scattered light, thereby opening the door to novel approaches to in vivo measurement of blood glucose, among many other applications.[Waves And Grains]

Experimental demonstration of lenseless projective imaging of periodic structure. The procedure allows one selectively to image patterns of well-defined symmetry in a composite object of multiple symmetries and noise. Such a method may provide an alternative and more rapid way to determine lattice symmetries by means of X-ray and particle diffraction. [Waves And Grains]

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