appendix 1 - suggested sequence of rock-magnetic analyses

general ideas:

The sequence of measurements outlined below starts with low-field measurements and works its way up to higher fields or measurements that are more time consuming and should be conducted once you have a general idea about the magnetic properties of your core. It also includes a few steps that allow you to check the quality of your data.

  • Low-field susceptibilitylf): fast, easy and non-destructive, gives you a first idea about the abundance of magnetic minerals in your samples. If you have a dual-frequency sensor you can also measure frequency-dependent susceptibility (χFD) for information of SP grains.
  • if you want to do a paleomagnetic analysis: now is the time.
  • Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM): can yield information about the presence of small (SD) grains. I prefer a peak AF-field of 100mT and a bias field of 50μT. ARM can also be expressed as χARM.
STOP - now it's a good time to plot your data: (χlf, χARM) as well as the ratio of ARM/χlf. Plotting your data now allows you to get an idea about the magnetic variations occurring in your core and gives you a first check on whether you did everything correctly. Does everything make sense? Are there any unexpected outliers that might be caused by a measurement error? It's still time to go back and repeat either of the measurements. ARM/χlf also gives you a first idea about changes in magnetic grain size.
 
  • Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM): gives you more information on the remanence-carrying fraction and the ARM-ratio is useful for magnetic granulometry. I prefer an acquisition field of 100mT (same as peak AF field during ARM acquisition). In my opinion that makes the ARM-ratio a more useful granulometric tool as both ARM and IRM affect the same coercivity ranges. Check your data by plotting IRM and ARM-ratios.
  • Saturation Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (SIRM): same as IRM but measured at higher acquisition field (1000mT +).
  • S-ratios: are a rapid way to assess magnetic coercivity and hence mineralogy. Backfields can range from 100mT (then probably more a granulometric tool) to 300mT and above.

By now you have pretty much ruined the initial magnetic signal of your sample, so the remaining measurements are all conducted at high fields or susceptibility measurements. This pretty much concludes the list of "quick-and-dirty" analyses. So you might want to sit back, plot your data, think about it for a while and figure out where to invest your time and efforts next.

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