EM geophysics refers to technologies used to detect spatial (lateral and vertical) differences in subsurface electromagnetic characteristics. The data collected provide information about subsurface environments.

        High-frequency EM sounding, the technology used for non-intrusive geophysical exploration, projects high-frequency electromagnetic radiation into subsurface layers to detect the reflection and refraction of the radiation by various layers of soil. Unlike ground-penetrating radar.

        EM induction is a geophysical technology used to induce a magnetic field beneath the earth's surface, which in turn causes a secondary magnetic field to form around nearby objects that have conductive properties, such as ferrous and nonferrous metals. The secondary magnetic field is then used to detect and measure buried debris.

        An emergency removal is an action initiated in response to a release of a hazardous substance that requires on-site activity within hours of a determination that action is appropriate. Emerging Technology an emerging technology is an innovative technology that currently is undergoing bench-scale testing. During bench-scale testing, a small version of the technology is built and tested in a laboratory. If the technology is successful during bench-scale testing, it is demonstrated on a small scale at field sites. If the technology is successful at the field demonstrations, it often will be used full scale at contaminated waste sites. As the technology is used and evaluated at different sites, it is improved continually. See also Established Technology and Innovative Technology.

        An EIR is the public document used by governmental agencies and decision-makers to assess the significant environmental effects, compare alternatives, and discuss possible methods to reduce or avoid the environmental impacts of proposed projects.

                    Environmental Insurance

        Environmental Insurance is a tool for redevelopment that eliminates or reduces the risk involved in a brownfields property transaction. Under current federal and state environmental laws, any part involved with a contaminated property might be responsible for cleanup or damage costs even if it did not create the contamination. In exchange for insurance payments, insurance companies will accept the risk.

                    Environmental Lien

        A charge, security, or encumbrance upon a property’s title to secure payment of cost or debt maturing out of response actions, cleanup or other remediation of hazardous substances or petroleum products.

        An ESA is the process by which it is determined whether contamination is present on a site.

        A document explaining any significant differences in scope, performance, or cost between the remedial action to be carried out and the remedial action selected in the Record of Decision. EPA is required by law to publish an ESD, including reasons for the proposed changes.

        An established technology is a technology for which cost and performance information is readily available. Only after a technology has been used at many different sites and the results fully documented is that technology considered established. The most frequently used established technologies are incineration, solidification and stabilization, and pump-and-treat technologies for groundwater. See also Emerging Technology and Innovative Technology.

        An exposure pathway is the route of contaminants from the source of contamination to potential contact with a medium (air, soil, surface water, or groundwater) that represents a potential threat to human health or the environment. Determining whether exposure pathways exist is an essential step in conducting a baseline risk assessment. See also Baseline Risk Assessment.

                        The term ex situ or "moved from its original place," means excavated or removed.

        A report that summarizes the development and evaluation of cleanup alternatives to be considered by EPA for a Superfund site.

                        Deep, narrow cracks.

        Garfield Austin Interfaith Network

        A survey conducted to determine the presence of buried metal.

        GPR is a technology that emits pulses of electromagnetic energy into the ground to measure its reflection and refraction by subsurface layers and other features, such as buried debris.